Journal: Eye and Vision

Article Title: Blocking IL-6 trans-signaling mitigates benzalkonium chloride-induced inflammation, oxidative imbalance, ER stress, and barrier disruption in human corneal epithelial cells

doi: 10.1186/s40662-026-00513-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced corneal epithelial barrier dysfunction is partially restored by sgp130Fc. a Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TER) of human telomerase-immortalized corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cell monolayers was monitored every 4 min for 60 min. BAC induced a progressive decline in TER reaching a 29% reduction at 60 min, whereas sgp130Fc partially prevented BAC-induced loss of barrier integrity. b Representative western blots of junctional proteins in hTCEpi cells. β-actin was used as a loading control. c Levels of β-catenin were significantly decreased with BAC treatment. d , e Levels of tight junction proteins, occludin and claudin-1, exhibited a similar decrease after BAC exposure. Inhibiting interleukin-6 trans-signaling with sgp130Fc showed partial protection against loss of these junctional proteins. Data are represented as mean ± standard error of the mean, n = 8–19/group; * P < 0.05, **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: PRDX (1:100, #sc-137222, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Catalase (1:250, #sc-271803, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), BiP (1:1000, #A0241, ABclonal), PERK (1:1000, #5683, Cell Signaling), Ero1α (1:1000, #3264, Cell Signaling), β-catenin (1:500, #8480S, Cell Signaling), Occludin (1:200, #40–4700, Invitrogen), Claudin-1 (1:1000, #A2196, ABclonal), IL-6R (1:1000, #A1570, ABclonal), gp130 (1:100, #sc-655, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and β-actin (1:10,000, #AC028, ABclonal).

Techniques: Western Blot, Control

Journal: Eye and Vision

Article Title: Blocking IL-6 trans-signaling mitigates benzalkonium chloride-induced inflammation, oxidative imbalance, ER stress, and barrier disruption in human corneal epithelial cells

doi: 10.1186/s40662-026-00513-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed molecular mechanisms of interleukin-6 (IL-6) trans-signaling in benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced corneal epithelial dysfunction. BAC impairs corneal epithelial barrier integrity while promoting inflammation, oxidative imbalance, ER stress, and junctional protein loss partially through an IL-6 trans-signaling-dependent mechanism. Selective inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling with sgp130Fc attenuates these pathological changes. BiP, binding immunoglobulin protein; CAT, catalase; Ero1α, endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; HSP72, heat shock protein 72; ICAM1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1; MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; mIL-6R, membrane-bound IL-6 receptor; PERK, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; PRDX, peroxiredoxin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; sIL-6R, soluble IL-6 receptor; SOD1, superoxide dismutase 1; TER, trans-epithelial electrical resistance; TXN, thioredoxin

Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: PRDX (1:100, #sc-137222, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Catalase (1:250, #sc-271803, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), BiP (1:1000, #A0241, ABclonal), PERK (1:1000, #5683, Cell Signaling), Ero1α (1:1000, #3264, Cell Signaling), β-catenin (1:500, #8480S, Cell Signaling), Occludin (1:200, #40–4700, Invitrogen), Claudin-1 (1:1000, #A2196, ABclonal), IL-6R (1:1000, #A1570, ABclonal), gp130 (1:100, #sc-655, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), and β-actin (1:10,000, #AC028, ABclonal).

Techniques: Inhibition, Binding Assay, Membrane

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Oral Sodium Hyaluronate Reshapes Gut Microbiota Composition and Suppresses the LPS-TLR4/NF-κB Pathway to Exert Neuroprotection in MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ijms27156573

Figure Lengend Snippet: Oral SH restored the BBB and intestinal barrier impairment in the MPTP-induced PD mouse models. ( A ) Representative captures of immunofluorescence in the colon of ZO-1. ( B ) Representative WB bands of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 in the colon. ( C ) Representative WB bands of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 in the midbrain containing the SN. ( D ) ZO-1 integrity score in the colon. ( E ) The density analysis of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 WB in the colon. ( F ) The density analysis of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5 WBs in the midbrain containing the SN. (In this figure, n = 3 for each group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 versus the control group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 versus the MPTP group.).

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated at 4 °C overnight with the following primary antibodies: rabbit anti-β-actin antibody (1:50,000, AC026, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), mouse anti-TH antibody (1:1000, A0028, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-TNF-α antibody (1:1000, A20851, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-IL-1β antibody (1:1000, A11369, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-IL-6 antibody (1:1000, A0286, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), goat anti-COX-2 antibody (1:1000, A1253, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), mouse anti-TLR4 antibody (1:1000, A5258, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-MyD88 antibody (1:400, A0980, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-IκB-α antibody (1:1000, A24742, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-ZO-1 antibody (1:1000, A0659, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), mouse anti-claudin-1 antibody (1:1000, Abclonal, Wuhan, China), rabbit anti-occludin antibody (1:1000, Abclonal, China), and mouse anti-claudin-5 antibody (1:1000, A10207 , Abclonal, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Deoxycholic acid promotes anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice via modulation of the gut microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1840574

Figure Lengend Snippet: IPA administration restores DCA-induced cerebral pathological changes. (A) Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes from whole-brain transcriptome sequencing in LFD and DCA groups (n=3). (B–C) GO biological process enrichment (B) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis (C) of the differentially expressed genes (n=3). (D–E) Western blot bands and quantitative analysis of barrier tight junction proteins Occludin (LFD vs HFD: p < 0.001, LFD vs DCA: p < 0.001, HFD vs CHO: p = 0.005, one-way ANOVA), Claudin-1 (LFD vs HFD: p < 0.001, LFD vs DCA: p < 0.001, HFD vs CHO: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA) in LFD, HFD, DCA and CHO groups (n=6). (F) Relative mRNA levels of Cyp3a11 (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.03, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p = 0.03, Kruskal-Wallis test) and Abcb1a (LFD vs DCA: p < 0.001, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p = 0.008, one-way ANOVA) in mouse brain tissue across the LFD, DCA and DCA+IPA groups (n=4). (G–H) Western blot bands and quantitative analysis of brain tight junction proteins Occludin (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.01, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p = 0.02, one-way ANOVA), Claudin-1 (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.01, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p = 0.002, one-way ANOVA) in LFD, DCA and DCA+IPA groups (n=4). (I–J) Representative IBA1 immunofluorescence images (I) and quantitative analysis of microglial branch number (LFD vs DCA: p < 0.001, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA) and soma area (LFD vs DCA: p < 0.001, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA) (J) in each group (n=4). Scale bar, 50 μm. LFD, low fat diet; HFD, high-fat diet; DCA, deoxycholic acid; CHO, cholestyramine; IPA, indole-3-propionic acid; GO, Gene Ontology; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; IBA1, Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1h at room temperature and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against Claudin-1 (1:1000, A21971, ABclonal, China), Occludin (1:5000, 27260-1-AP, Proteintech, China), and β-actin (1:1000, GB15003, Servicebio, China).

Techniques: Sequencing, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Binding Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Deoxycholic acid promotes anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice via modulation of the gut microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1840574

Figure Lengend Snippet: IPA administration restores DCA-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. (A) Quantitative analysis of ileal goblet cells (PAS staining) per villus-crypt unit in LFD, HFD, DCA and CHO groups (LFD vs HFD: p < 0.001, LFD vs DCA: p < 0.001, HFD vs CHO: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA) (n=6). (B–C) Representative PAS staining images of the ileum (B) and goblet cell quantification (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.002, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p = 0.001, one-way ANOVA) (C) in LFD, DCA and DCA+IPA groups (n=5). Scale bar, 100 μm. (D–E) Western blot bands and quantitative analysis of intestinal tight junction proteins Occludin (LFD vs HFD: p < 0.001, LFD vs DCA: p = 0.007, HFD vs CHO: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA), Claudin-1 (LFD vs HFD: p < 0.001, LFD vs DCA: p = 0.03, HFD vs CHO: p < 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test) in LFD, HFD, DCA and CHO groups (n=6). (F–G) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes from HT-29 cell transcriptome sequencing: NC vs DCA (F) , DCA vs DCA+IPA (G) (n=4). (H–I) ROS detection in HT-29 cells: representative fluorescence images (H) , mean fluorescence intensity quantification (NC vs DCA: p < 0.001, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA) (I) (n=3). Scale bar, 75 μm. (J) GCLC mRNA expression level in HT-29 cells (NC vs DCA: p < 0.001, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p = 0.005, one-way ANOVA) (n=6). (K) LDH release level in HT-29 cells (NC vs DCA: p < 0.001, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p = 0.002, one-way ANOVA) (n=4). (L–M) Representative bright-field images of mouse ileal organoids (L) and quantitative analysis of organoid budding rate at 72 h (NC vs DCA: p < 0.001, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA) and 96 h (NC vs DCA: p < 0.001, DCA vs DCA+IPA: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA) (M) (n=6-8). Scale bar, 100 μm. LFD, low fat diet; HFD, high fat diet; DCA, deoxycholic acid; CHO, cholestyramine; NC, normal control; IPA, indole-3-propionic acid; PAS, Periodic Acid-Schiff; ROS, reactive oxygen species; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1h at room temperature and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against Claudin-1 (1:1000, A21971, ABclonal, China), Occludin (1:5000, 27260-1-AP, Proteintech, China), and β-actin (1:1000, GB15003, Servicebio, China).

Techniques: Staining, Western Blot, Sequencing, Fluorescence, Expressing, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Deoxycholic acid promotes anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice via modulation of the gut microbial metabolite indole-3-propionic acid

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1840574

Figure Lengend Snippet: FMT intervention replicates the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors observed in mice caused by DCA. (A) Experimental design and timeline of 8-week DCA modeling, antibiotic cocktail pretreatment, FMT intervention and sequential behavioral test procedures. (B) Relative abundance of Clostridium cluster I in fecal microbiota of LFD, DCA, and FMT groups (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.03, LFD vs FMT: p = 0.009, Kruskal-Wallis test) (n=5). (C) Serum IPA concentration in LFD, DCA and FMT groups (LFD vs DCA: p < 0.001, LFD vs FMT: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA) (n=6). (D) Representative movement trajectories/heatmaps and quantification of central area entries (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.01, LFD vs FMT: p = 0.003, Kruskal-Wallis test) and total stay duration (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.003, LFD vs FMT: p = 0.001, one-way ANOVA) in OFT (n=8). (E) Representative movement trajectories/heatmaps and quantification of open arm entries (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.001, LFD vs FMT: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA) and total stay duration (LFD vs DCA: p < 0.001, LFD vs FMT: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA) in EPMT (n=8). (F–H) Quantification of immobility time in TST (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.004, LFD vs FMT: p = 0.001, one-way ANOVA) (F) and FST (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.002, LFD vs FMT: p = 0.01, one-way ANOVA) (G) , and sucrose preference ratio (LFD vs DCA: p < 0.001, LFD vs FMT: p = 0.001, one-way ANOVA) (H) (n=8). (I–J) Representative PAS staining images of the ileum (I) , and quantification of ileal goblet cells per villus-crypt unit (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.006, LFD vs FMT: p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA) (J) (n=5). Scale bar, 100 μm. (K–L) Western blot bands (K) and quantitative analysis of the brain tight junction proteins Occludin (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.006, LFD vs FMT: p = 0.01, one-way ANOVA) and Claudin-1 (LFD vs DCA: p = 0.003, LFD vs FMT: p = 0.002, one-way ANOVA) (L) (n=4). LFD, low fat diet; HFD, high fat diet; DCA, deoxycholic acid; CHO, cholestyramine; IPA, indole-3-propionic acid; FMT, fecal microbiota transplantation; OFT, Open Field Test; EPMT, Elevated Plus Maze Test; TST, Tail Suspension Test; FST, Forced Swimming Test; SPT, Sucrose Preference Test; PAS, Periodic Acid-Schiff. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1h at room temperature and then incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against Claudin-1 (1:1000, A21971, ABclonal, China), Occludin (1:5000, 27260-1-AP, Proteintech, China), and β-actin (1:1000, GB15003, Servicebio, China).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Staining, Western Blot, Transplantation Assay, Suspension

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Cadmium chloride administered through drinking water disrupts the gut-liver axis through intestinal barrier failure, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and PIEZO1 signaling in broiler chickens

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2026.106772

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cecal tight-junction disruption and mucosal injury in broilers exposed to cadmium chloride. (A-C) Relative mRNA expression and corresponding protein abundance of claudin-1 (CLDN1) in cecal tissue ( n = 3). (D-F) Relative mRNA expression and corresponding protein abundance of occludin (OCLN) in cecal tissue ( n = 3). (G-I) Relative mRNA expression and corresponding protein abundance of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in cecal tissue ( n = 3). (J) Representative immunofluorescence staining of ZO-1, OCLN, CLDN1 and Piezo1 in cecal sections on day 35 (scale bar=100 μm). (K) Representative H&E-stained cecal sections on days 21, 28, and 35 (scale bar=200 μm). Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance among groups is indicated by * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and ns: not significant.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies included anti-ZO-1 mAb (A0659), anti-Occludin mAb (A2601), anti-Claudin-1 mAb (A21971), GRP78/BiP (WL03157, 1:1500), CHOP/DDIT3 ( A21902 ), PERK ( A27664 ), and Piezo1 (A23380), all obtained from ABclonal (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Disruption, Expressing, Quantitative Proteomics, Immunofluorescence, Staining